Monthly Archives: October 2017
Dementia – 10/31/17
Normal aging = no change in independent functioning
Mild cognitive impairment = stage between normal aging and dementia
- Subjective reports of cognitive decline
- Objective findings of impairment of cognitive decline
- Loss of independence in daily functioning
- No significant impairment in occupational and social functioning
Dementia = deterioration of cognitive function severe enough to impair occupational and social functioning; biggest risk factor = age
Alzheimer’s disease
- Most common type of dementia
- Insidious development of recent memory loss
- Word finding difficulties early
- Visuospatial dysfunction (getting lost in familiar places)
- Problems with executive function (problem solving ability)
- No role for biomarker testing
Lewy Body dementia
- Dementia precedes Parkinsonian symptoms
- Visual hallucinations
Parkinsons dementia
- Parkinsonian features before onset of dementia
- Symptoms of Parkinsons include = bradykinesis + rigidity, pill-rolling tremor, postural/gait instability
Frontotemporal dementia
- Can occur in younger people
- Change in social behaviors
- Loss of executive functioning and decision making
- Has a genetic component 40% of the time so genetic counseling is beneficial
Alcoholic Hepatitis – 10.24.2017
Standard Sizes: Beer = 12oz, Wine = 5 oz, Spirits = 1.5 oz
AML – 10.23.2017
SJS and TEN – 10/19/2017
Varicella Zoster – 10/18/17
Primary infection – chicken pox (lesion at varying stage on the trunk, face, and extremities)
Reactivation – shingles (painful, unilateral rash in a restricted dermatome)
Clinical manifestations – 1) Rash – most common location is thoracic and lumbar dermatomes
2) Acute neuritis – 75% of patients have pain/burning/throbbing prior to onset of rash
Complications in immunocompetent hosts – post-herpetic neuralgia (7.9%), ocular complications (1.6%),, meningitis (0.5%), oticus (0.2%)
Disseminated if > 3 contiguous dermatomes or 2 dermatomes on separate parts of the body
Diagnosis for encephalitis/meningitis – elevated WBC with lymphocytic predominance, elevated protein, positive VZV PCR or IgM
Treatment: IV acyclovir
Vaccines: Age > 60 give live vaccine unless immunosuppressed
VZIG – give to exposed pregnant or immunosuppressed patients
Cryptococcal Meningitis – 10/17/2017
Disseminated Gonococcal Infection – 10/16/17
Epidemiology
- Young (< 40 years old)
- Women (because they are usually asymptomatic)
- 0.5-3% of people infected with N. gonorrheae
- Common cause of acute arthritis in young people
Clinical Manifestations
- 1) triad of tenosynovitis (migratory), dermatitis (painless lesions – usually pustular or vesiculopustular), and polyarthralgias (small or large joints – usually asymmetric)
- 2) purulent arthritis without skin lesions – usually one joint affecting knees, wrist, or ankles
Evaluation
- Clinical suspicion – thorough history of physical
- Blood cultures
- Specimen from mucosal sites – urogenital, rectal, pharyngeal
- Synovial fluid – only positive 50% of the time – NAAT testing better than cultures
Treatment
- Ceftriaxone 7-14 days (can give IM if non-purulent arthritis)
- Remember to co-treat for chlamydia with azithromycin
Multiple Myeloma – 10/10/2017
Acute Bacterial Meningitis – 10/03/2017
